How many supervised driving hours do you need?

Practice hours, state by state

Where a state publishes an alternative path, usually a smaller total in exchange for an approved driver education course, it is in the detail line under the total rather than hidden in a footnote.

Where the record is incomplete

One note per jurisdiction with an empty cell, saying which figure is missing and on whose pages we looked for it. A state can appear here for a missing night definition while still having a confirmed total.

• Alabama: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Alabama Law Enforcement Agency Driver License Division publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a night driving minimum, nor a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Arkansas: no supervised practice figure on the pages we read

  No page we read on Arkansas State Police Driver Examination Section states a supervised practice requirement for a first licence, so every cell in this row stays empty rather than borrowing a number from somewhere else.

• California: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  California Department of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Colorado: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Colorado Department of Revenue, Division of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Connecticut: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a night driving minimum, nor a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Delaware: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Delaware Division of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• District of Columbia: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  District of Columbia Department of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a night driving minimum, nor a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Florida: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Florida Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Georgia: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Georgia Department of Driver Services publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Hawaii: no supervised practice figure on the pages we read

  No page we read on Hawaii Department of Transportation, with permits issued by the four county driver licensing divisions states a supervised practice requirement for a first licence, so every cell in this row stays empty rather than borrowing a number from somewhere else.

• Idaho: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Idaho Transportation Department, Division of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Illinois: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Illinois Office of the Secretary of State, Driver Services Department publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Indiana: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Indiana Bureau of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Iowa: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Iowa Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Division publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Kansas: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Kansas Department of Revenue, Division of Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Kentucky: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Division of Driver Licensing publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Louisiana: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Louisiana Office of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Maine: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Maine Bureau of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Maryland: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Maryland Department of Transportation Motor Vehicle Administration publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Massachusetts: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Massachusetts Registry of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a night driving minimum, nor a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Michigan: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Michigan Department of State publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Minnesota: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Minnesota Department of Public Safety, Driver and Vehicle Services Division publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Mississippi: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Mississippi Department of Public Safety, Driver Service Bureau publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a night driving minimum, nor a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Missouri: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Missouri Department of Revenue, Driver License Bureau publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Montana: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Montana Department of Justice, Motor Vehicle Division, Driver Services Bureau publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Nebraska: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles, Driver Licensing Services publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Nevada: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• New Hampshire: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  New Hampshire Division of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• New Jersey: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  New Jersey Motor Vehicle Commission publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• New Mexico: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  New Mexico Taxation and Revenue Department, Motor Vehicle Division publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• New York: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  New York Department of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• North Carolina: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  North Carolina Division of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• North Dakota: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  North Dakota Department of Transportation, Driver License Division publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Ohio: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Ohio Bureau of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Oklahoma: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Service Oklahoma, the state agency that took driver licensing over from the Department of Public Safety publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Oregon: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Oregon Driver and Motor Vehicle Services publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a night driving minimum, nor a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Pennsylvania: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Rhode Island: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Rhode Island Division of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• South Carolina: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  South Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• South Dakota: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  South Dakota Department of Public Safety, Driver Licensing Program publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Tennessee: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Tennessee Department of Safety and Homeland Security publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Texas: no supervised practice figure on the pages we read

  No page we read on Texas Department of Public Safety states a supervised practice requirement for a first licence, so every cell in this row stays empty rather than borrowing a number from somewhere else.

• Utah: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Utah Driver License Division publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Vermont: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Virginia: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Washington: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Washington State Department of Licensing publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• West Virginia: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  West Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Wisconsin: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Division of Motor Vehicles publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

• Wyoming: the total is published, the breakdown is not

  Wyoming Department of Transportation, Driver Services Program publishes the practice total shown in the table but not a definition of what counts as night, nor a bad weather requirement. An empty cell here means the agency is silent on the point, not that the requirement is zero.

The rest of the licensing picture